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A major revision of our understanding of long-range bombing, this book examines how Anglo-American ideas about "strategic" bombing were formed and implemented. It argues that ideas about bombing civilian targets rested on--and gained validity from--widespread but substantially erroneous assumptions about the nature of modern industrial societies and their vulnerability to aerial bombardment. These assumptions were derived from the social and political context of the day and were maintained largely through cognitive error and bias. Tami Davis Biddle explains how air theorists, and those influenced by them, came to believe that strategic bombing would be an especially effective coercive tool and how they responded when their assumptions were challenged.
Biddle analyzes how a particular interpretation of the World War I experience, together with airmen's organizational interests, shaped interwar debates about strategic bombing and preserved conceptions of its potentially revolutionary character. This flawed interpretation as well as a failure to anticipate implementation problems were revealed as World War II commenced. By then, the British and Americans had invested heavily in strategic bombing. They saw little choice but to try to solve the problems in real time and make long-range bombing as effective as possible.
Combining narrative with analysis, this book presents the first-ever comparative history of British and American strategic bombing from its origins through 1945. In examining the ideas and rhetoric on which strategic bombing depended, it offers critical insights into the validity and robustness of those ideas--not only as they applied to World War II but as they apply to contemporary warfare.
- Sales Rank: #1187464 in eBooks
- Published on: 2009-01-10
- Released on: 2009-01-10
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
Anyone interested in understanding the United States Air Force's bombing operations in Iraq, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Afghanistan over the past decade should begin by reading this book. Today's aircraft and weapons differ dramatically from those used over the western front in World War I, but--as Tami Davis Biddle points out--ideas about strategic bombing from that era have remained remarkably resilient. . . . Biddle's work should be read by anyone interested in understanding the shaping of ideas behind the use of military force and how these ideas ultimately affect political decisions.
From the Publisher
One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2002
From the Inside Flap
"Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare is very well written and exhaustively researched, blending primary and secondary sources in a way that will satisfy both professional historians and those who read history for pleasure. In the wake of debates about the bombings of Vietnam and of Serbia, its subject remains topical. Participants in such debates will find this an important book, as will political scientists, strategic analysts, and policymakers."--George Quester, University of Maryland
"This will be the best overall treatment of Anglo-American bombing policy that we will see for a long time. Finely written, it will have a wide readership among scholars, students, and members of the interested public."--Robert Jervis, Columbia University
"This book is a broad overview of a very important subject. Biddle's goal is to make sense of the big picture, and this is precisely what she succeeds in doing. Her judgments are honest and fair. She has an eye for striking pieces of information, and this ultimately is what gives the book its distinctive flavor. In short, this is a very impressive and useful piece of work."--Marc Trachtenberg, University of California, Los Angeles
Most helpful customer reviews
28 of 28 people found the following review helpful.
An excellent survey
By Ariel
The title explains the book. It is intended as a detailed investigation of the evolution of both British and American ideas on strategic bombing in the first half of the twentieth century. It succeeds admirably.
It is, in fact, an extremely thoughtful and perceptive analysis and one which any modern warrior struggling with buzz-words such as "transformational warfare", "network centric", or "Revolution in Military Affairs", could and should read with profit. All these jargon-laden phrases come down in the end to how the military marries new technologies and the opportunites they present, with the conceptual framework necessary to utilise them properly. This book is concerned with how US and British airmen addressed these conceptual difficulties following the inception of military air power in the First World War.
The author shows very clearly how rhetoric too often exceeded reality, and how doctrine was too often allowed to degenerate into dogma. The causes are many and varied, and in the British case at least had nothing to do with Army control, since the RAF had been independent since 1 April 1918. The book makes clear the unwisdom of simply debating original and revolutionary concepts, whilst ignoring the need to develop essential training programmes and the equipment to support them. The RAF in the inter-war years could "talk the talk", but in 1939 it could not "walk the walk". Specifically it had neglected the primary art of navigation. The USAAF fared little better when its rhetoric was exposed to the fires of war. Both Air Forces eventually modified both their rhetoric and, as the author makes clear, once the neglected fundamentals were addressed, air power proved of decisive importance in winning the war.
In part this story has been told before, but seldom with such impressive depth of research and scholarship. Anyone who believes they know the story of strategic air power would be well advised to read this book to discover how much they have missed. Biddle reveals, for example, the extent to which very early US official writings on strategtic air power drew, verbatim at times, on British documents provided to the Americans in the First World War.
In sum this is an excellent book, combining elegant prose and thoughtful analysis with impressive research. It should be compulsory reading for Air Force officers and all those concerned with military procurement programmes.
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
A well-researched critique of early strategic bombing theory
By wendy jacobsen
Biddle argues that British and American airpower pioneers vastly oversold the potential of strategic bombing, culminating in the disastrous initial experience of the Combined Bomber Offensive in World War II. Cognitive and organizational biases contributed to this gap between rhetoric and reality. These biases were so strong that strategic bombing advocates ignored or downplayed clear evidence, and clung to their theories long past the point of rationality. This is a good book, meticulously researched, but is determined to prove its central hypothesis. It should be read in conjunction with other books before making up one's mind about the efficacy of strategic bombing in World War II. Tooze's "Wages of Destruction", for example, suggests that even the cruder forms of area bombing may have taken a larger toll on the German war economy than many historians acknowledge.
17 of 34 people found the following review helpful.
Rhetoric and Reality about RHETORIC AND REALITY.
By Charles I. Stubbart
.... RHETORIC AND REALITY does not really deliver on the promise in the title, as academic work or as popular writing.
As an academic work, it does not really involve what I would call empirical research. Sure, she scrutinized tons of documents and R&R contains 1000 references. Stunning to me, book has notes but no bibliography.
What is really proven by this book? OK. the early advocates of air power oversold their promises. No one, especially during 1920s or 1930s could really predict what air power could, or could not, accomplish. Although TBD states in the intro that she will show how "psychology" can explain the weird behavior of air power advocates, no evidence is shown. No psychological explanations are used. A better explanation for the overselling of early Air zealots is institutional. The air power people found themselves under the oppressive thumb of armies, who initially had little sympathy for wild airpower theories (as Mitchell). The air power people needed an institutional framework of their own, they needed resources, they did not need the army. They wanted to do their own thing. Naturally and logically they chafed under the army so they oversold their promises in a blatant attempt to obtain the independence they wanted, needed, dreamed of. None of this is really newsworthy.
To sum up, Ms Biddle's book does not really explain anything that is not already known. Therefore, it does not make solid research. As popular writing, it makes for a dry, fact-filled read. If you want to read the history of strategic bombing, it is already there in the Journal Air Power History, the Strategic Bombing Survey, Neillands, many more. search Amazon, etc.
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